राजकीय महाविद्यालय, कण्डाघाट
Chemistry is a branch of physical science that deals with the study of matter and its constitution and properties. Inorganic, Organic and Physical chemistry are three main branches of chemistry. Inorganicchemistry primarily focuses on atoms, ions, and molecules which, in turn, make up elements and compounds. Elements and compounds further interact with each other to form new compounds. The interactions between matter and energy, variousstates of matter, kinetics of reactions are some of the topics studied in the field of physical chemistry. Hydrocarbons and their properties are studied in organic chemistry.
Unit wise teaching Plan Session 2024-25
| Month | Week | Topics | Teaching Method | Student Activity | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| August | 1st | Polynuclear Hydrocarbons: Structure, Synthesis, and Reactions of naphthalene, anthracene & phenanthrene | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the mechanisms of reactions shown by polynuclear hydrocarbons. |
| 2nd | Polynuclear Hydrocarbons: Relative reactivity of these compounds at various positions | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the relative reactivity of polynuclear hydrocarbons at various positions. | |
| 3rd | Synthetic Dyes: Colour and constitution, classification of dyes, chemistry, and synthesis of methyl orange, congo red | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the colour, constitution, and chemistry of dyes. | |
| 4th | Synthetic Dyes: Chemistry and synthesis of malachite green, crystal violet, phenolphthalein, fluorescein, alizarin, and indigo. | Lecture/ PPT | Assignment | ||
| September | 1st | Heterocyclic Compounds: Classification and nomenclature, molecular orbital picture, and aromatic characteristics of pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyridine | Lecture/ PPT | Q/Ans. | Students will be able to explain the aromatic characteristics of pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and pyridine. |
| 2nd | Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis & reactions of pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and pyridine. Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution of pyridine. Comparison of basicity of pyridine, piperidine, and pyrrole | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will explain the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and basicity of pyridine, piperidine, and pyrrole. | |
| 3rd | Heterocyclic Compounds: Preparation and properties of indole, quinoline, iso-quinoline with special reference to Fischer indole, Skraup synthesis, and Bischler-Napieralski synthesis. Mechanism of electrophilic substitution of indole, quinoline, iso-quinoline | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will explain the Fischer indole, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski synthesis, and electrophilic substitution mechanisms of heterocyclic compounds. | |
| 4th | Application of UV & IR Spectroscopy: Electromagnetic radiations, electronic transitions, chromophore, auxochrome | Lecture | Discussion | Students will explain the concept of electronic transitions, chromophore, and auxochrome. | |
| October | 1st | Application of UV Spectroscopy: Bathochromic & hypsochromic shifts, applications of electronic spectroscopy | Lecture | Discussion | Students will explain the concept of bathochromic & hypsochromic shifts. |
| 2nd | Application of UV Spectroscopy: Woodward rules for calculating λmax of conjugated dienes, α, β-unsaturated compounds | Lecture | Discussion | Students will apply Woodward rules for calculating λmax of conjugated dienes. | |
| 3rd | IR Spectroscopy: Infrared radiations and types of molecular vibrations, functional group, and fingerprint region | Lecture | Assignment | Students will explain molecular vibrations, functional groups, and the fingerprint region. | |
| 4th | IR Spectroscopy: IR spectra of alkanes, alkenes, and simple alcohols | Lecture | Discussion | Students will explain the IR spectra of alkanes, alkenes, and simple alcohols. | |
| November | 1st | IR Spectroscopy: IR spectra of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and their derivatives | Lecture | Discussion | Students will explain the IR spectra of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. |
| 2nd | NMR Spectroscopy: Principle of NMR, number of signals, peak areas, equivalent/non-equivalent protons, position of signals, chemical shift | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will explain the principle of NMR and chemical shift. | |
| 3rd | NMR Spectroscopy: Shielding/deshielding of protons, proton counting, splitting of signals, coupling constants, magnetic equivalence of protons | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will explain shielding/deshielding and magnetic equivalence of protons. | |
| 4th | NMR Spectroscopy: PMR spectra of molecules (e.g., ethyl bromide, n-propyl bromide, isopropyl bromide, etc.) | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will explain the PMR spectra of different simple organic compounds. | |
| December | 1st | NMR Spectroscopy: Simple problems on PMR spectroscopy for structural determination of organic compounds | Lecture | Discussion | Students will solve simple problems on PMR spectroscopy. |
| 2nd | Revision, question/answer, and class test | Revision | Class Test | ||
| 3rd | Midterm Test | ||||
| 4th | Midterm Test | ||||
| February | 2nd | Presentations by students/ Remedial classes | |||
| 3rd | Presentations by students/ Remedial classes | ||||
| 4th | Revision, question/answer, and class test | ||||
| March | 1st |
Dr. Harinder Lal
Assoociate prof. in Chemistry
Unit wise teaching Plan Session 2024-25
| Month | Week | Topics | Teaching Method | Student Activity | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| August | 1st | Chemistry of elements of 3d metals. Oxidation states displayed by Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Co. A study of the following compounds (including preparation and important properties); Peroxo compounds of Cr, and Cu. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain about oxidation states displayed by 3d metals. |
| 2nd | A study of the following compounds K2Cr2O7, KMnO4, K4[Fe(CN)6], sodium nitroprusside, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, Na3[Co(NO2)6]. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain chemistry and uses of K2Cr2O7, KMnO4 and other compounds. | |
| 3rd | General group trends with special reference to electronic configuration, variable valency, colour, magnetic and catalytic properties, ability to form complexes and stability of various oxidation states (Latimer diagrams) for Mn, Fe and Cu. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain general group trends in transition elements. | |
| 4th | Lanthanides and actinides: Electronic configurations, oxidation states, colour, magnetic properties, lanthanide contraction, separation of lanthanides and actinides (ion exchange method only). | Lecture/ PPT | Assignment | Students will be able to explain the lanthanide contraction and ion exchange method. | |
| September | 1st | Coordination Chemistry. Valence Bond Theory (VBT): Inner and outer orbital complexes of Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu (coordination numbers 4 and 6). | Lecture/ PPT | Q/Ans. | Students will be able to explain the inner and outer orbital complexes with coordination numbers 4 and 6. |
| 2nd | Coordination Chemistry. Structural and stereoisomerism in complexes with coordination numbers 4 and 6. Drawbacks of VBT. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to write IUPAC names of coordination compounds and explain isomerism in them. | |
| 3rd | Organometallic Compounds. Definition and Classification with appropriate examples based on nature of metal-carbon bond (ionic, s, p and multicentre bonds). Structures of methyl lithium, Zeiss salt and ferrocene. EAN rule as applied to carbonyls. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the EAN rule. | |
| 4th | Organometallic Compounds. Preparation, structure, bonding and properties of mononuclear and polynuclear carbonyls of 3d metals. p-acceptor behaviour of carbon monoxide. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the structure, bonding and properties of mononuclear and polynuclear carbonyls. | |
| October | 1st | Organometallic Compounds. Synergic effects (VB approach)- (MO diagram of CO can be referred to for synergic effect to IR frequencies). | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the Synergic effects. |
| 2nd | Crystal Field Theory. Crystal field effect, octahedral symmetry. Crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE), Spectrochemical series. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain octahedral splitting, CFSE and Spectrochemical series. | |
| 3rd | Crystal Field Theory. Crystal field effects for weak and strong fields. Tetrahedral symmetry. Factors affecting the magnitude of CF splitting. | Lecture | Assignment | Students will be able to explain Tetrahedral splitting. | |
| 4th | Crystal Field Theory. Comparison of CF Splitting for Octahedral and tetrahedral complexes. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to compare CF Splitting for Octahedral and tetrahedral complexes. | |
| November | 1st | Crystal Field Theory. Tetragonal distortion of octahedral geometry. Jahn-Teller distortion, Square planar coordination. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain Jahn-Teller distortion. |
| 2nd | Acids and Bases. Arrhenius, Bronsted and Lowry, Lewis, Lux flood and solvent system concepts of acids and bases. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain different concepts of acids and bases. | |
| 3rd | Acids and Bases. Classification of acids and bases as hard and soft. Pearson’s HSAB concept. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the Pearson’s HSAB concept. | |
| 4th | Acids and Bases. Application of HSAB principle. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to apply HSAB concept to explain stability of hard and soft acids and bases. | |
| December | 1st | Acids and Bases. Relative strength of acids and bases and effect of substituents and solvent on their strength. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the effect of substituent and solvent on their strength. |
| 2nd | Revision, question/answer & class test | Revision | Class Test | ||
| 3rd | Mid term Test | ||||
| 4th | Mid term Test | ||||
| February | 2nd | Presentations by students/ remedial Classes | |||
| 3rd | Presentations by students/ remedial Classes | ||||
| 4th | Revision, question/answer and class test | ||||
Dr. Harinder Lal
Assoociate prof. in Chemistry
Unit wise teaching Plan Session 2024-25
| Month | Week | Topics | Teaching Method | Student Activity | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| August | 1st | Solutions. Thermodynamics of ideal solutions: Ideal solutions and Raoult’s law, deviations from Raoult’s law – non-ideal solutions. Vapour pressure-composition and temperature composition curves of ideal and non-ideal solutions. Distillation of solutions. Lever rule. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain various vapour pressure-composition and temperature composition curves of ideal and non-ideal solutions. |
| 2nd | Solutions. Azeotropes. Partial miscibility of liquids: Critical solution temperature; effect of impurity on partial miscibility of liquids. Nernst distribution law and its applications, solvent extraction. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain Azeotropes, CST and Nernst distribution law. | |
| 3rd | Phase Equilibrium. Phases, components and degrees of freedom of a system, criteria of phase equilibrium. Gibbs Phase Rule and its thermodynamic derivation. Derivation of Clausius – Clapeyron equation and its importance in phase equilibria. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the Gibbs Phase Rule and derive the Clausius – Clapeyron equation. | |
| 4th | Phase Equilibrium. Phase diagrams of one-component systems (water and sulphur) and two-component systems involving eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting points (lead-silver, NaCl-H2O and Mg-Zn only). | Lecture/ PPT | Assignment | Students will be able to explain the Phase diagrams of one-component systems. | |
| September | 1st | Conductance. Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Transference number and its experimental determination using Hittorf and Moving boundary methods. Ionic mobility. | Lecture/ PPT | Q/Ans. | Students will be able to explain Kohlrausch law, Hittorf and Moving boundary methods. |
| 2nd | Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt. Conductometric titrations (only acid-base). | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts. | |
| 3rd | Electrochemistry. Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Types of electrodes. Standard electrode potential. Electrochemical series. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to calculate the thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. | |
| 4th | Electrochemistry. Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge. pH determination using hydrogen electrode and quinhydrone electrode. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the pH determination using hydrogen electrode and quinhydrone electrode. | |
| October | 1st | Carboxylic acids. Preparation: Acidic and Alkaline hydrolysis of esters. Reactions: Hell – Vohlard - Zelinsky Reaction. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the Hell – Vohlard - Zelinsky Reaction. |
| 2nd | Carboxylic acid derivatives. Preparation: Acid chlorides, Anhydrides, Esters and Amides from acids and their interconversion. Comparative study of nucleophilicity of acyl derivatives. Reformatsky Reaction, Perkin condensation. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the mechanisms of Reformatsky Reaction, Perkin condensation. | |
| 3rd | Amines and Diazonium Salts. Amines (Aliphatic and Aromatic): (Up to 5 carbons - Preparation: from alkyl halides, Gabriel’s Phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann Bromamide reaction. | Lecture | Assignment | Students will be able to explain the Gabriel’s Phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann Bromamide reaction. | |
| 4th | Reactions: Hofmann vs. Saytzeff elimination, Carbylamine test, Hinsberg test, reaction with HNO2, Schotten – Baumann Reaction. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain Hofmann vs. Saytzeff elimination. | |
| November | 1st | Electrophilic substitution (case aniline): nitration, bromination, sulphonation. Diazonium salts: Preparation from aromatic amines. Reactions: conversion to benzene, phenol, dyes. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the Electrophilic substitution in aniline. |
| 2nd | Carbohydrates: Classification, and General Properties, Glucose and Fructose (open chain and cyclic structure). | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the open chain and cyclic structure of Glucose and Fructose. | |
| 3rd | Carbohydrates. Determination of configuration of monosaccharides, absolute configuration of Glucose and Fructose. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the relative and absolute configuration of Glucose and Fructose. | |
| 4th | Carbohydrates: Mutarotation, ascending and descending in monosaccharide. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to describe Mutarotation, ascending and descending in monosaccharide. | |
| December | 1st | Carbohydrates. Structure of disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose) and polysaccharides (starch and cellulose) excluding their structure elucidation. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the structure of disaccharides and polysaccharides. |
| 2nd | Revision, question/answer & class test. | Revision | Class Test | ||
| 3rd | Mid term Test | ||||
| 4th | Mid term Test | ||||
| February | 2nd | Presentations by students/ remedial Classes | |||
| 3rd | Presentations by students/ remedial Classes | ||||
| 4th | Revision, question/answer and class test | ||||
Dr. Harinder Lal
Assoociate prof. in Chemistry
Unit wise teaching Plan Session 2024-25
| Month | Week | Topics | Teaching Method | Student Activity | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| August | 1st | Hydrogen: Unique position of Hydrogen in the periodic table, isotopes, ortho and para hydrogen, Industrial production | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain ortho and para hydrogen |
| 2nd | Hydrogen: Hydrides and their chemistry, Heavy water, Hydrogen bonding, Hydrates | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain hydrogen bonding | |
| 3rd | S-Block Elements: Periodicity of elements with respect to electronic configuration, atomic and ionic size, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the Periodicity of S-Block elements | |
| 4th | S-Block Elements: General characteristics of s-block elements like density, melting points, flame colouration, reducing character, solvation, and complexation tendencies | Lecture/ PPT | Assignment | Students will be able to explain the general characteristics of s-block elements | |
| September | 1st | P-Block Elements: Comparative studies including diagonal relationship of group 13 and 14 elements. Borohydrides, Hydrides, oxide and oxy-acids and halides of boron, borax, Borazine, allotropic forms of carbon, fullerenes, carbides of calcium and silicon. Hydrides, oxides, oxoacids and halides of nitrogen. | Lecture/ PPT | Q/Ans. | Students will be able to explain the chemistry of 13 and 14 elements |
| 2nd | P-Block Elements: Allotropic forms of phosphorous. Hydrides, halides, oxides and oxyacids of phosphorous. Basic properties of halogens and inter halogen compounds, pseudohalogens and poly halides. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the chemistry of 15-17 elements | |
| 3rd | Noble Gases: Occurrence of noble gases, History of discovery of noble gases and isolation of noble gases from air. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the chemistry of compounds of noble gases – fluorides, oxides, oxyfluorides of xenon | |
| 4th | Noble Gases: Preparation, properties, and structure of important compounds of noble gases – fluorides, oxides, oxyfluorides of xenon, Krypton difluoride, and clathrate compounds of noble gases. | Lecture | Discussion | ||
| October | 1st | Chemical Energetics: Review of thermodynamics and the Laws of Thermodynamics. Important principles and definitions of thermochemistry. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the principles and definitions of thermochemistry |
| 2nd | Chemical Energetics: Concept of standard state and standard enthalpies of formations, integral and differential enthalpies of solution and dilution. | Lecture | Discussion | Students shall be able to explain the concept of standard state and standard enthalpies | |
| 3rd | Chemical Energetics: Calculation of bond energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data. Variation of enthalpy of a reaction with temperature – Kirchhoff’s equation. | Lecture | Assignment | Students will be able to derive Kirchhoff’s equation | |
| 4th | Chemical Energetics: Statement of Third Law of thermodynamics and calculation of absolute entropies of substances. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to calculate absolute entropies of substances | |
| November | 1st | Chemical Equilibrium: Free energy change in a chemical reaction. Thermodynamic derivation of the law of chemical equilibrium. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to derive the thermodynamic derivation of the law of chemical equilibrium |
| 2nd | Chemical Equilibrium: Distinction between ΔG and ΔGo, Le Chatelier’s principle. Relationships between Kp, Kc and Kx for reactions involving ideal gases. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain Le Chatelier’s principle and derive the relationships between Kp, Kc and Kx | |
| 3rd | Ionic Equilibria: Strong, moderate, and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant, and ionic product of water. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the factors affecting degree of ionization and ionic product of water | |
| 4th | Ionic Equilibria: Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis – calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. | Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain salt hydrolysis | |
| December | 1st | Ionic Equilibria: Buffer solutions. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the concept of solubility product of sparingly soluble salts |
| 2nd | Revision, question/answer & class test | Revision | Class Test | ||
| 3rd | Mid term Test | ||||
| 4th | Mid term Test | ||||
| February | 2nd | Presentations by students/ remedial Classes | |||
| 3rd | Presentations by students/ remedial Classes | ||||
| 4th | Revision, question/answer and class test | ||||
Dr. Harinder Lal
Assoociate prof. in Chemistry
Unit wise teaching Plan Session 2024-25
| Month | Week | Topics | Teaching Method | Student Activity | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| August | 1st | Atomic Structure Review of Bohr’s theory and its limitations, dual behaviour of matter and radiation, de Broglie’s Relationship, Significance of quantum numbers, Shapes of s, p and d atomic orbitals, nodal planes. Rules for filling electrons in various orbitals, concept of exchange energy. |
Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the significance of quantum numbers and shapes of d orbitals. |
| 2nd | Atomic Structure Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Hydrogen atom spectra. Need of a new approach to Atomic structure. Schrodinger wave equation and meaning of various terms in it. Significance of ψ and ψ². |
Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to derive Schrodinger wave equation. | |
| 3rd | Atomic Structure Radial and angular nodes and their significance. Radial distribution functions and the concept of the most probable distance with special reference to 1s and 2s atomic orbitals. Electronic configurations of the atoms. |
Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the radial and angular nodes and their significance. | |
| 4th | Atomic Structure Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals, Relative energies of atomic orbitals, Anomalous electronic configurations. Slater rules and applications. |
Lecture/ PPT | Assignment | Students will be able to explain the stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals. | |
| September | 1st | Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Ionic Bonding: General characteristics, energy considerations, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context of stability of ionic compounds. Born-Landé equation, Born-Haber cycle and its applications, polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules, ionic character in covalent compounds, bond moment, dipole moment, and percentage ionic character. |
Lecture/ PPT | Q/Ans. | Students will be able to explain the Born-Haber cycle and Fajan’s rules. |
| 2nd | Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basis of VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar, square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral arrangements. Concept of resonance and resonating structures in various inorganic and organic compounds. |
Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the shapes of inorganic molecules and ions on the basis of VSEPR theory. | |
| 3rd | Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and antibonding MOs and their characteristics for s-s, s-p, and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding combination of orbitals. |
Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the LCAO method, bonding, and antibonding MOs and their characteristics. | |
| 4th | Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules up to Ne (including the idea of s-p mixing) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules such as CO, NO, and NO+. Comparison of VB and MO approaches. |
Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules. | |
| October | 1st | Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Physical Effects, Electronic Displacements: Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect, Resonance, and Hyperconjugation. Cleavage of Bonds: Homolysis and Heterolysis. Structure, shape, and reactivity of organic molecules: Nucleophiles and electrophiles. |
Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect, Resonance, and Hyperconjugation. |
| 2nd | Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions, and free radicals. Strength of organic acids and bases: Comparative study with emphasis on factors affecting pK values. Aromaticity: Benzenoids and Hückel’s rule. |
Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to describe different types of reaction intermediates. | |
| 3rd | Stereochemistry Conformations with respect to ethane, butane, and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge Formula, Newman, Sawhorse, and Fischer projections. Concept of chirality (up to two carbon atoms). Configuration: Geometrical. |
Lecture | Assignment | Students will be able to explain the concept of chirality. | |
| 4th | Stereochemistry Optical isomerism; Enantiomerism, Diastereomerism, and Meso compounds. Threo and erythro; D and L; cis-trans nomenclature; CIP Rules: R/S (for up to 2 chiral carbon atoms) and E/Z Nomenclature (for up to two C=C systems). |
Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to describe Meso compounds, threo and erythro isomers, D & L, R/S, and E/Z configurations. | |
| November | 1st | Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Alkanes (Upto 5 Carbons): Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s synthesis, from Grignard reagent. Reactions: Free radical substitution (Halogenation). |
Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the mechanism of free radical substitution. |
| 2nd | Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Alkenes (Upto 5 Carbons): Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (Saytzeff’s rule); cis alkenes (Partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch reduction). |
Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the mechanism of Birch reduction. | |
| 3rd | Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Alkenes: Reactions: cis-addition (alkaline KMnO4) and trans-addition (bromine), Addition of HX (Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s addition), Hydration, Ozonolysis, Oxymecuration-Demercuration, Hydroboration-Oxidation. |
Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s addition. | |
| 4th | Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Alkynes (Upto 5 Carbons): Preparation: Acetylene from CaC2 and conversion into higher alkynes; by dehalogenation of tetrahalides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal dihalides. |
Lecture/ PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the dehalogenation of tetrahalides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal dihalides. | |
| December | 1st | Alkynes Reactions: Formation of metal acetylides, addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO4, ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alkaline KMnO4. |
Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the formation of metal acetylides. |
| 2nd | Revision, question/answer & class test | Revision | Class Test | ||
| 3rd | Mid term Test | ||||
| 4th | Revision, question/answer & class test | Mid term Test | |||
| February | 2nd | Presentations by students / remedial classes | |||
| 3rd | Presentations by students / remedial classes | ||||
| 4th | Revision, question/answer & class test | ||||
Dr. Harinder Lal
Assoociate prof. in Chemistry
Unit wise teaching Plan Session 2024-25
| Month | Week | Topics | Teaching Method | Student Activity | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| August | 1st | Kinetic Theory of Gases: Postulates of Kinetic Theory and derivation of the kinetic gas equation. Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour, compressibility factor, causes of deviation. van der Waals equation of state for real gases. Boyle temperature. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to derive the kinetic gas equation. |
| 2nd | Kinetic Theory of Gases: Critical phenomena, critical constants and their calculation from van der Waals equation. Andrews isotherms of CO2. Maxwell Boltzmann distribution laws of molecular velocities and molecular energies and their importance. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain critical phenomena. | |
| 3rd | Kinetic Theory of Gases: Temperature dependence of these distributions. Most probable, average and root mean square velocities. Collision cross section, collision number, collision frequency, collision diameter and mean free path of molecules. Viscosity of gases and effect of temperature and pressure on coefficient of viscosity. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the concept of collision cross section, collision number, collision frequency, collision diameter and mean free path of molecules. | |
| 4th | Liquids: Surface tension and its determination using stalagmometer. Viscosity of a liquid and determination of coefficient of viscosity using Ostwald viscometer. Effect of temperature on surface tension and coefficient of viscosity of a liquid. | Lecture/PPT | Assignment | Students will be able to explain the effect of temperature on surface tension and coefficient of viscosity of a liquid. | |
| September | 1st | Solids: Forms of solids. Symmetry elements, unit cells, crystal systems, Bravais lattice types and identification of lattice planes. Laws of Crystallography - Law of constancy of interfacial angles. | Lecture/PPT | Q/Ans. | Students will be able to tell the laws of Crystallography. |
| 2nd | Solids: Law of rational indices. Miller indices. X-Ray diffraction by crystals, Bragg’s law. Structures of NaCl, KCl and CsCl (qualitative treatment only). Defects in crystals. | Lecture/PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the defects in crystals. | |
| 3rd | Chemical Kinetics: The concept of reaction rates. Factors affecting reaction rates. Order and molecularity of a reaction. Derivation of integrated rate equations for zero, first and second order reactions. Half-life of a reaction. General methods for determination of order of a reaction. | Lecture/PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to derive the integrated rate equations for zero, first and second order reactions. | |
| 4th | Chemical Kinetics: Concept of activation energy and its calculation from Arrhenius equation. Theories of Reaction Rates: Collision theory and Activated Complex theory of bimolecular reactions. Comparison of the two theories (qualitative treatment only). | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the Collision theory and Activated Complex theory. | |
| October | 1st | Aromatic hydrocarbons: Preparation (Case benzene): from phenol, by decarboxylation, from acetylene, from benzene sulphonic acid. Reactions: Electrophilic substitution: nitration, halogenation and sulphonation. Friedel-Craft’s reaction. Side chain oxidation of alkyl benzenes. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the mechanism of electrophilic substitution. |
| 2nd | Alkyl Halides (Upto 5 Carbons): Types of Nucleophilic Substitution (SN1, SN2 and SNi) reactions. Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the types of nucleophilic substitution reactions (SN1, SN2 and SNi). | |
| 3rd | Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Hydrolysis, nitrite & nitro formation, nitrile & isonitrile formation, Williamson’s ether synthesis. Aryl Halides Preparation: from phenol, Sandmeyer & Gattermann reactions. | Lecture | Assignment | Students will be able to explain Sandmeyer & Gattermann reactions. | |
| 4th | Reactions (Chlorobenzene): Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (replacement by –OH group) and effect of nitro substituent. Benzyne Mechanism: KNH2/NH3 (or NaNH2/NH3). Reactivity and Relative strength of C-Halogen bond in alkyl, allyl, benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and the structure of benzyne. | |
| November | 1st | Alcohols: Preparation using Grignard reagent, ester hydrolysis, reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and esters. Reactions: With sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification, oxidation (with PCC, alk. KMnO4, acidic dichromate, conc. HNO3). Oppeneauer oxidation. Diols: oxidation of diols. Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain ester hydrolysis and the Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement. |
| 2nd | Phenols: (Phenol case) Preparation: Cumene hydroperoxide method, from diazonium salts. Reactions: Electrophilic substitution: Nitration, halogenation and sulphonation. | Lecture/PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the mechanism of electrophilic substitution reactions. | |
| 3rd | Phenol Reactions: Reimer-Tiemann Reaction, Gattermann-Koch Reaction, Houben–Hoesch Condensation, Schotten – Baumann Reaction. Ethers (aliphatic and aromatic): Cleavage of ethers with HI. | Lecture/PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the mechanisms of the taught reactions. | |
| 4th | Aldehydes and ketones (Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and benzaldehyde): Preparation: From acid chlorides and from nitriles. Reactions: Reaction with HCN, ROH, NaHSO3, NH2-G derivatives. Iodoform test. | Lecture/PPT | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the reactions shown by Carbonyl compounds. | |
| December | 1st | Aldehydes and ketones (Reactions): Aldol Condensation, Cannizzaro’s reaction, Wittig reaction, Benzoin condensation. Clemensen reduction and Wolff Kishner reduction. Meerwein-Pondorff-Verley reduction. | Lecture | Discussion | Students will be able to explain the mechanisms of the taught reactions. |
| 2nd | Revision, question/answer & class test. | Revision | Class Test | ||
| 3rd | Mid term Test | ||||
| 4th | Mid term Test | ||||
| February | 2nd | Presentations by students/ remedial Classes | |||
| 3rd | Presentations by students/ remedial Classes | ||||
| 4th | Presentations by students/ remedial Classes | ||||
Dr. Harinder Lal
Assoociate prof. in Chemistry
| Name of the Course | Objectives | Course Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| CHEM-101 TH Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry, and Aliphatic Hydrocarbon |
Students will be able to describe the structure of the atom, chemical bonding, and basic concepts of organic chemistry. | Students will gain knowledge of the detailed structure of the atom, chemical bonding, and basic concepts of organic chemistry. |
| CHEM-101 PR Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry, and Aliphatic Hydrocarbon |
Students will learn skills in volumetric analysis and purification methods like distillation, crystallization, paper chromatography, and determination of melting/boiling points. | Skill development in volumetric analysis, purification, crystallization, paper chromatography, and determination of melting/boiling points. |
| CHEM-102 TH States of Matter, Chemical Kinetics, and Functional Organic Chemistry |
Students will explain concepts related to states of matter, chemical kinetics, and functional organic chemistry. They will derive related equations and write mechanisms for organic reactions. | Students will gain insight into the properties of gases, liquids, and solids, derive their mathematical expressions, and understand organic compounds' reaction mechanisms. |
| CHEM-102 PR States of Matter, Chemical Kinetics, and Functional Organic Chemistry |
Students will determine surface tension and viscosity of liquids, kinetics of saponification, and perform functional group analysis of organic compounds. | Practical knowledge of determining surface tension, viscosity, saponification kinetics, and functional group analysis of organic compounds. |
| CHEM-201 TH Solution, Phase Equilibrium, Conductance, Electrochemistry, and Organic Chemistry |
Students will explain concepts of solutions, phase equilibrium, critical solutions, and electrochemistry. They will describe the preparation and properties of carboxylic acids, derivatives, amines, diazonium salts, and carbohydrates. | Understanding of solutions, phase equilibrium, critical solutions, and electrochemistry, as well as properties and preparation of various organic compounds. |
| CHEM-201 PR Solution, Phase Equilibrium, Conductance, Electrochemistry, and Organic Chemistry |
Students will determine distribution law, conductance, and synthesize iodoform and glucosazone. | Skill development in determining distribution law, conductance, and synthesis of iodoform and glucosazone. |
| CHEM-202 TH Main Group Elements and Chemical Energetics |
Students will describe properties of main group elements and explain concepts of thermodynamics, chemical, and ionic equilibria. | Understanding periodicity, periodic properties, and concepts of thermodynamics, chemical, and ionic equilibria. |
| CHEM-202 PR Main Group Elements and Chemical Energetics |
Students will analyze inorganic mixtures, determine the enthalpy of neutralization, and measure pH. | Skills in analyzing inorganic mixtures, determining enthalpy of neutralization, and measuring pH. |
| CHEM-203 SEC Basic Analytical Chemistry |
Students will analyze soil, water, cosmetics, and food products and describe chromatographic techniques. | Skills in analyzing soil, water, cosmetics, and food products. |
| CHEM-204 SEC Fuel Chemistry and Chemistry of Cosmetics & Perfumes |
Students will describe the composition of petrochemicals, perfumes, cosmetics, and essential oils. | Insight into the composition of petrochemicals, perfumes, cosmetics, and essential oils. |
| CHEM-301 TH Polynuclear Hydrocarbons, Dyes, UV, IR, and NMR Spectroscopy |
Students will explain mechanisms in synthesis/reactions of polynuclear hydrocarbons and dyes and describe principles of UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. | Knowledge of synthesis/reactions of hydrocarbons, dyes, and spectroscopy principles with applications. |
| CHEM-301 PR Polynuclear Hydrocarbons, Dyes, UV, IR, and NMR Spectroscopy |
Students will synthesize inorganic compounds, measure conductivities, and separate metal ions using paper chromatography. | Skills in synthesizing inorganic compounds, measuring conductivities, and separating metal ions using chromatography. |
| CHEM-304 TH Chemistry of Transition and Inner Transition Elements, Coordination Chemistry, Organometallics, Acids, and Bases |
Students will explain chemistry of transition and inner transition elements, coordination chemistry, organometallics, and acids/bases. | Understanding chemistry of transition/inner transition elements, coordination chemistry, organometallics, and acids/bases. |
| CHEM-304 PR Chemistry of Transition and Inner Transition Elements, Coordination Chemistry, Organometallics, Acids, and Bases |
Students will perform iodometric, iodimetric, and gravimetric estimations and prepare inorganic compounds. | Skills in iodometric, iodimetric, gravimetric estimations, and preparation of inorganic compounds. |
| CHEM-307 SEC Chemical Technology & Society & Business Skills in Chemistry |
Students will describe the impact of chemistry on the environment, society, and other cultures outside the scientific community. | Awareness of the environmental and societal impact of chemistry. |
| CHEM-308 SEC Pesticide & Pharmaceutical Chemistry |
Students will explain preparation, applications, and side effects of pesticides and drugs. | Knowledge of applications and side effects of pesticides and drugs. |
| Year | DSC Name & Code | DSE Name & Code | SEC Name & Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| B.Sc.-I | 1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE, BONDING, GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY & ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS (CHEM101) | ||
| 2. STATES OF MATTER, CHEMICAL KINETICS & FUNCTIONAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (CHEM102) | |||
| B.Sc.-II | 3. SOLUTIONS, PHASE EQUILIBRIUM, CONDUCTANCE, ELECTROCHEMISTRY & ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (CHEM201) |
1. BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (CHEM203) 2. FUEL CHEMISTRY & CHEMISTRY OF COSMETICS & PERFUMES (CHEM204) |
|
| 4. CHEMISTRY OF MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS, CHEMICAL ENERGETICS AND EQUILIBRIA (CHEM202) | |||
| B.Sc.-III |
1. POLYNUCLEAR HYDROCARBONS, DYES, HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND SPECTROSCOPY (UV, IR, NMR) (CHEM301) 2. CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION AND INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS, COORDINATION CHEMISTRY, ORGANOMETALLICS, ACIDS & BASES (CHEM304) |
3. CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY AND BUSINESS SKILLS FOR CHEMISTRY (CHEM307) 4. PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY & PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY (CHEM308) |
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY AND BUSINESS SKILLS FOR CHEMISTRY (CHEM307 )
CHEM 201TH SOLUTIONS, PHASE EQUILIBRIUM, CONDUCTANCE, ELECTROCHEMISTRY & ORGANIC CHEMISTRY