Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173215

राजकीय महाविद्यालय, कण्डाघाट

Govt Degree College, Kandaghat

Geography Department

Introduction of the Subject

Geography is the scientific study of the Earth's physical features, human populations, and the ways in which people interact with the environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that combines aspects of natural science, social science, and humanities to understand the complex relationships between people, places, and environments.By studying geography, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complex relationships between people, places, and environments, and develop practical solutions to address the challenges facing our world today.

Faculty Detail

Dr. Sudhir Kumar
Dr. Sudhir Kumar
Assistant Professor
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Teaching Plan

Physical Geography(2024-25)

Month Week Topic Teaching Method Student Activity
August 1st Definition and Scope Lecture through PPT
August 2nd Brief Introduction of Solar System Lecture through PPT
August 3rd Origin of The Earth: Tidal Theory of Jeans and Jeffreys and Big Bang Theory Lecture through PPT
August 4th Rocks: Classification and Their Characteristics Lecture through PPT
September 1st Rocks: Classification and Their Characteristics Lecture through PPT
September 2nd Internal Structure of Earth Lecture through PPT
September 3rd Theory of Plate Tectonics Lecture through PPT
September 4th Weathering- Definition, factors and types Lecture through PPT
October 1st Fluvial Cycle of Erosion – Davis Lecture through PPT
October 2nd Structure and composition of atmosphere, Climatic Classification (Koppen) Lecture through PPT
October 3rd Heat Balance, Pressure and wind systems Lecture through PPT
October 4th Pressure and wind systems Lecture through PPT
November 1st Origin of Tropical Cyclones, Monsoon Lecture through PPT
November 2nd Seminars and Class Test -
November 3rd - -
November 4th - -
December 1st Seminars and Class Test -
December 2nd Mid Term Exam -
December 3rd - -
December 4th 7 Days NSS Camp -
February 1st Hydrological Cycle, Bottom Relief Features of Pacific Ocean Lecture through PPT
February 2nd Tides and Ocean Currents Lecture through PPT
February 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
February 4th Seminars & Class Tests -

General Cartography (2024-25)

Month Week Topic Teaching Method Student Activity
August 1st Cartography as a Science of Communication and Basics of Map Reading Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 2nd Map- Definition, Classification Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 3rd Significance of Map Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 4th Definition, Importance, Types of Scale Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 1st Plain Scale Use of Board & PPT Discussion
September 2nd Plain Scale Use of Board & PPT Discussion
September 3rd Comparative Scale Use of Board & PPT Discussion
September 4th Diagonal Scale Use of Board & PPT Discussion
October 1st Criteria for Choice of Projections Use of Board & PPT Discussion
October 2nd Class Test -
October 3rd Zenithal Gnomonic Polar Case Use of Board & PPT Discussion
October 4th Zenithal Stereographic Polar Case Use of Board & PPT Discussion
November 1st Cylindrical Equal Area, Mercator’s Projection Use of Board & PPT Discussion
November 2nd Conical Projection with Two Standard Parallel Use of Board & PPT Discussion
November 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
November 4th Seminars & Class Tests -
December 1st Line Graph, Bar Diagrams Use of Board & PPT Discussion
December 2nd Seminars & Class Tests -
December 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
December 4th 7 Days NSS Camp -
February 1st Isopleth and Choropleth Maps Use of Board & PPT Discussion
February 2nd Dot method, Climograph and Hythergraph Use of Board & PPT Discussion
February 3rd Revision Lecture & Discussion
February 4th Revision Lecture & Discussion

Human Geography (2024-25)

Month Week Topic Teaching Method Student Activity
August 1st Definition, Nature, Major Subfields Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 2nd Contemporary Relevance of Human Geography Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 3rd World Population Distribution, Density and Growth Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 4th Demographic Transition Theory Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 1st Human Races: Classification (Griffith Taylor) and World Distribution Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 2nd Major Religions of the World and Distribution Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 3rd Major Languages of the World and Distribution Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 4th Major Languages of the World and Distribution Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 1st Types and Patterns of Rural Settlements Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 2nd Classification of Urban Settlements Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 3rd Trends and Patterns of World Urbanization Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 4th Class Test -
November 1st Revision Lecture & Discussion
November 2nd Revision Lecture & Discussion
November 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
November 4th Seminars & Class Tests -
December 1st Seminars & Class Tests -
December 2nd Mid Term Exam -
December 3rd Mid Term Exam -
December 4th 7 Days NSS Camp -
February 1st Revision Lecture & Discussion
February 2nd Revision Lecture & Discussion
February 3rd Revision Lecture & Discussion
February 4th Revision Lecture & Discussion

Environmental Geography (2024-25)

Month Week Topic Teaching Method Student Activity
August 1st Definition and Scope of Environmental Geography Lecture through PPT Discussion, Class Test, Seminars, Flipped Class
August 2nd Meaning and Components of Environment Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 3rd Ecosystem – Concept, Components Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 4th Functions of Ecosystem Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 1st Human-Environment Relationship Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 2nd Environmental Determinism and Possibilism Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 3rd Biomes- Definition, Mountain and Desert Regions Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 4th Environmental Problems: Air Pollution, Their Causes, Impacts and Management Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 1st Environmental Problems: Water Pollution, Their Causes, Impacts and Management Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 2nd Biodiversity Loss Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 3rd Environmental Protection Act, 1982 Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 4th Environmental Policy of India (2006) Lecture through PPT Discussion
November 1st Chipko Movement Lecture through PPT Discussion
November 2nd Seminars & Class Tests -
November 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
November 4th Revision Lecture & Discussion
December 1st Revision Lecture & Discussion
December 2nd Mid Term Exam -
December 3rd Mid Term Exam -
December 4th 7 Days NSS Camp -
February 1st Revision Lecture through PPT
February 2nd Revision Lecture through PPT
February 3rd Revision Lecture through PPT
February 4th Revision Lecture through PPT
Month Week Topic Teaching Method Student Activity
August 1st Concept, Need and Types of Regional Planning Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 2nd Characteristics and Delineation of Planning Region Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 3rd Regionalization: Concept Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 4th Hill Region: Case study of Himachal Pradesh (Physical and Cultural aspects) Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 1st Hill Region: Case study of Himachal Pradesh (Physical and Cultural aspects) Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 2nd Growth Pole Theory Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 3rd Core Periphery Model Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 4th Integrated Tribal Development Programme (ITDP) Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 1st Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 2nd Seminars & Class Tests -
October 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
October 4th Revision Lecture through PPT
November 1st Revision Lecture through PPT
November 2nd Revision Lecture through PPT
November 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
November 4th Seminars & Class Tests -
December 1st Revision Lecture & Discussion
December 2nd Mid Term Exam -
December 3rd Mid Term Exam -
December 4th 7 Days NSS Camp -
February 1st Revision Lecture through PPT
February 2nd Revision Lecture through PPT
February 3rd Revision Lecture through PPT
February 4th Revision Lecture through PPT

Remote Sensing & GPS (2024-25)

Month Week Topic Teaching Method Student Activity
August 1st Remote Sensing: Definition, Development, Platforms and Types Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 2nd Platforms and Types Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 3rd Aerial Photography: Definitions, Principles, Types and Geometry Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 4th Types of Remote Sensing Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 1st Geometry Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 2nd Satellite Remote Sensing: Principles Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 3rd EMR Interaction with Atmosphere and Earth Surface Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 4th Satellites (Landsat and IRS) and Sensors Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 1st Satellites (Landsat and IRS) and Sensors Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 2nd Bases of Visual Interpretation of Remote Sensing Images Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 3rd Land use/Land Cover Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 4th Fundamentals of Global Positioning System (GPS) – Principles Lecture through PPT Discussion
November 1st Uses of GPS Lecture through PPT Discussion
November 2nd Seminars & Class Tests -
November 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
November 4th Revision Lecture through PPT
December 1st Revision Lecture through PPT
December 2nd Mid Term Exam -
December 3rd Mid Term Exam -
December 4th 7 Days NSS Camp -
February 1st Revision Lecture through PPT
February 2nd Revision Lecture through PPT
February 3rd Revision Lecture through PPT
February 4th Revision Lecture through PPT

Geography of India (2024-25)

Month Week Topic Teaching Method Student Activity
August 1st Physical Setting: Location, Major Physiographic Region of India Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 2nd Physical Setting: Location, Major Physiographic Region of India Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 3rd Physical Setting: Location, Major Physiographic Region of India Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 4th Physical Setting: Location, Major Physiographic Region of India Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 1st Climate – Factors, Characteristics Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 2nd Soils of India Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 3rd Population: Size and Growth since 1901 Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 4th Population Distribution and Density Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 1st Literacy, Sex Ratio Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 2nd Settlement System: Rural Settlement Types and Patterns Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 3rd Urban Settlement Types and Pattern Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 4th Coal Lecture through PPT Discussion
November 1st Hydroelectricity Lecture through PPT Discussion
November 2nd Minerals: Iron Ore Lecture through PPT Discussion
November 3rd Bauxite Lecture through PPT Discussion
November 4th Economy – Agriculture (Rice, Wheat) Lecture through PPT Discussion
December 1st Revision Lecture through PPT
December 2nd Mid Term Exam -
December 3rd Mid Term Exam -
December 4th 7 Days NSS Camp -
February 1st Industries (Cotton Textile) Lecture through PPT Discussion
February 2nd Industries (Iron-Steel) Lecture through PPT Discussion
February 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
February 4th Seminars & Class Tests -

Disaster Management (2024-25)

Month Week Topic Teaching Method Student Activity
August 1st Definition and Concepts: Hazards, Risk, Vulnerability, and Disasters Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 2nd Definition and Concepts: Hazards, Risk, Vulnerability, and Disasters Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 3rd Landslide Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 4th Earthquake Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 1st Cyclone Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 2nd Forest Fire Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 3rd Road Accidents Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 4th Class Test - Discussion
October 1st NDMA Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 2nd NIDM Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 3rd Community Disaster Management Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 4th Community Based Disaster Management Lecture through PPT Discussion
November 1st Seminars & Class Tests -
November 2nd Seminars & Class Tests -
November 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
November 4th Revision Lecture through PPT
December 1st Revision Lecture through PPT
December 2nd Mid Term Exam -
December 3rd Mid Term Exam -
December 4th 7 Days NSS Camp -
February 1st Do's and Don'ts During Disasters Lecture through PPT Discussion
February 2nd Do's and Don'ts During Disasters Lecture through PPT Discussion
February 3rd Revision Lecture through PPT
February 4th Revision Lecture through PPT

Geographic Information System (GIS) (2024-25)

Month Week Topic Teaching Method Student Activity
August 1st Meaning and Scope of GIS, Components of GIS Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 2nd History of Geographic Information System (GIS) Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 3rd GIS Data Structures Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 4th Types (spatial and Non-spatial) Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 1st Raster and Vector Data Structure Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 2nd Concept of Georeferencing Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 3rd Editing and attribute data integration Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 4th GIS based Exercises on Georeferencing, Subsetting, Extraction of Land Use/Land Cover layers of any area and thematic mapping Hand on Practice on Computer Discussion
October 1st GIS based Exercises on Georeferencing, Subsetting, Extraction of Land Use/Land Cover layers of any area and thematic mapping Hand on Practice on Computer Discussion
October 2nd GIS based Exercises on Georeferencing, Subsetting, Extraction of Land Use/Land Cover layers of any area and thematic mapping Hand on Practice on Computer Discussion
October 3rd GIS based Exercises on Georeferencing, Subsetting, Extraction of Land Use/Land Cover layers of any area and thematic mapping Hand on Practice on Computer Discussion
October 4th GIS based Exercises on Georeferencing, Subsetting, Extraction of Land Use/Land Cover layers of any area and thematic mapping Hand on Practice on Computer Discussion
November 1st Seminars & Class Tests -
November 2nd Seminars & Class Tests -
November 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
November 4th Revision Lecture through PPT
December 1st Revision Lecture through PPT
December 2nd Mid Term Exam -
December 3rd Mid Term Exam -
December 4th 7 Days NSS Camp -
February 1st Revision Lecture through PPT
February 2nd Revision Lecture through PPT
February 3rd Revision Lecture through PPT
February 4th Revision Lecture through PPT

Field Work & Survey Based Project Report (2024-25)

Month Week Topic Teaching Method Student Activity
August 1st Field Work in Geographical Studies Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 2nd Role, Value and Ethics of Field-Work Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 3rd Defining the Field and Identifying the Case Study – Rural / Urban / Physical / Human / Environmental Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 4th Merits, Demerits and Selection of the Appropriate Technique Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 1st Observation (Participant / Non-Participant) Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 2nd Questionnaires (Open/Closed/Structured/Non-Structured) Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 3rd Interview with Special Focus on Focused Group Discussions Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 4th Space Survey (Transects and Quadrants, Constructing a Sketch) Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 1st Designing the Field Report: Aims and Objectives, Methodology, Analysis, Interpretation and Writing the Report Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 2nd Designing the Field Report: Aims and Objectives, Methodology, Analysis, Interpretation and Writing the Report Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
October 4th Seminars & Class Tests -
November 1st Checking of Project Report -
November 2nd Checking of Project Report -
November 3rd Revision Lecture through PPT
November 4th Revision Lecture through PPT
December 1st Revision Lecture through PPT
December 2nd Mid Term Exam -
December 3rd Mid Term Exam -
December 4th 7 Days NSS Camp -
February 1st Assignment Checking -
February 2nd Assignment Checking -
February 3rd Revision Lecture through PPT
February 4th Revision Lecture through PPT

Disaster Risk Reduction (2024-25)

Month Week Topic Teaching Method Student Activity
August 1st Definition and Concepts: Hazards, Risk, Vulnerability and Disasters Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 2nd Definition and Concepts: Hazards, Risk, Vulnerability and Disasters Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 3rd Landslide Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 4th Earthquake Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 1st Cyclone Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 2nd Forest Fire Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 3rd Road Accidents Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 4th Assignment Checking - Discussion
October 1st NDMA Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 2nd NIDM Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 3rd Community Disaster Management Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 4th Seminars & Class Tests -
November 1st Seminars & Class Tests -
November 2nd Community Based Disaster Management Lecture through PPT
November 3rd Seminars & Class Tests -
November 4th Revision Lecture & Discussion
December 1st Revision Lecture & Discussion
December 2nd Mid Term Exam -
December 3rd Mid Term Exam -
December 4th 7 Days NSS Camp -
February 1st Do's and Don'ts During Disasters Lecture through PPT Discussion
February 2nd Do's and Don'ts During Disasters Lecture through PPT Discussion
February 3rd Assignment Checking -
February 4th Assignment Checking -

Sustainable Development (2024-25)

Month Week Topic Teaching Method Student Activity
August 1st Sustainability: Concept, Components Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 2nd The Millennium Development Goals: National Strategies and International Experiences Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 3rd Sustainable Development: Need and its realization in Indian context Lecture through PPT Discussion
August 4th Sustainable Development: Need and its realization in Indian context Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 1st Inclusive Development: Education, Health Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 2nd Role of higher education in achieving sustainability Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 3rd Policies and Global Cooperation for Climate Change Lecture through PPT Discussion
September 4th Sustainable Development Policies and Programmes: Rio+20 Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 1st Financing for Sustainable Development Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 2nd National Environmental Policy Lecture through PPT Discussion
October 3rd Assignment Checking -
October 4th Assignment Checking -
November 1st National Environmental Policy Lecture through PPT Discussion
November 2nd Revision Lecture through PPT
November 3rd Revision Lecture through PPT
November 4th Revision Lecture through PPT
December 1st Revision Lecture through PPT
December 2nd Mid Term Exam -
December 3rd Mid Term Exam -
December 4th 7 Days NSS Camp -
February 1st Class Test -
February 2nd Seminar -
February 3rd Seminar -
February 4th Seminar -

Course Objectives and Outcomes

Sr. No. Name of the Course Objectives Course Outcome
1 Physical Geography (GEOGP101CC) To make student acquainted with the three spheres of the earth i.e. Atmosphere, Lithosphere and Hydrosphere. The Students will learn about the three spheres of the earth i.e. Atmosphere, Lithosphere and Hydrosphere.
2 General Cartography (GEOGP102 CC) To provide practical knowledge to present numerical data into map form and graphs. The students will learn how the maps are prepared with the scales and projections and will know to show the information with the help of pictorial diagrams.
3 Human Geography (GEOGP201CC) To know the entangled relationship between man and environment. It will teach the students about the man-environment relation and human occupancy in the form of urban and rural settlement.
4 Environmental Geography (GEOGP202CC) The focus is the under the environmental issues and their solutions. The students will come to know the burning environmental issues and their management.
5 Regional Planning & Development (GEOGP203SEC) The objective of this course is that how a planning can be done to resolve environmental, demographic and issues related to urbanization. The students will know how to use management in a region to provide facilities to the people and how to manage urban regions.
6 Remote Sensing & GPS (GEOGP204SEC) The objective of the course is the students will learn the method of obtaining data with the help of Aircrafts and Satellites. The students will learn the method of obtaining data with the help of Aircrafts and Satellites.
7 Geographic Information System (GEOGP301SEC) The objective is to provide knowledge to the students about the computerbased cartography for planning and management. It will help the students to know the method of cartography with the help of computer-based softwares and how planning and management map can be prepared.
8 Field Techniques and Survey Based Project Report (GEOGP302SEC) The objective of this course is that how a field-based research is performed for the solution of the problem. The students will learn how field work is conducted, methods of collecting data and to identify the research problem and project writing.
9 Geography of India (GEOGP303-1DSE) The objective is to provide comprehensive knowledge to the students. It will give comprehensive information of India such as physical features, demographic pattern, settlement pattern, resources and industrial set-up.
10 Disaster Management (GEOGP304-1DSE) The main objective of the course is to make aware about the different disasters and their management. The students will come to know about the different types of disasters and their management.
11 Disaster Risk Reduction (GEOGP305-GE1) The main objective of the course is to make aware about the different disasters and their management. The students will come to know about the different types of disasters and their management.
12 Sustainability and Development (GEOGP306-GE2) The objective of the course is to protect and preserve natural resources, ecosystem and biodiversity for future generation. The students will learn how sustainable measures can be taken to manage depleting natural resources.

Courses Offered

Year DSC Name & Code DSE Name & Code SEC Name & Code GE Name & Code
BA-I Physical Geography (GEOGP101CC) General Cartography (Practical) (GEOGP102 CC)
BA-II Human Geography (GEOGP201CC) Regional Planning and Development (GEOGP203SEC) Environmental Geography (GEOGP202CC) Remote Sensing and GPS (GEOGP204SEC)
BA-III Geography of India (GEOGP303-1DSE) Geographic Information System (Practical) (GEOGP301SEC) Disaster Risk Reduction (GEOGP305-GE1)
BA-III Disaster Management (GEOGP304-1DSE) Field Techniques and Survey Based Project Report (Practical) (GEOGP302SEC) Sustainability and Development (GEOGP306-GE2)

Cross-Cutting Issues

Environmental Issues - Course Content

Course: Environmental Geography (GEOGP 202)
  • Definition and Scope of Environmental Geography: Meaning and Components of Environment
  • Ecosystem: Concept, components, and functions
  • Human-Environment Relationship: Environmental Determinism and Possibilism
  • Biomes: Definition, Mountain and Desert Regions
  • Environmental Problems: Air and water pollution, their causes, impacts, and management
  • Biodiversity Loss
  • Environmental Management Initiatives in India: Environmental Protection Act, 1982, Environmental Policy of India (2006), Chipko Movement
Course: Disaster Management (GEOGP 304-DSE-1)
  • Definition and Concepts: Hazards, Risk, Vulnerability, and Disasters
  • Causes, Impact, Distribution: Landslide, Earthquake, and Cyclone
  • Causes, Impact, Distribution: Forest Fire, Road Accidents
  • Mitigation and Preparedness: NDMA and NIDM
  • Community-Based Disaster Management
  • Do’s and Don’ts During Disasters
Course: Disaster Risk Reduction (GEOGP 305-GE-1)
  • Hazards, Risk, Vulnerability, and Disasters: Definition and Concept
  • Disasters in India: Causes, Impact, and Distribution of Flood and Flash Flood, Earthquake, and Cyclone
  • Human Induced Disasters: Causes, Impact, Distribution, and Mapping
  • Disaster Risk Reduction: Mitigation and Preparedness
  • NDMA and NIDM
  • Community-Based Disaster Management
  • Do’s and Don’ts During Disasters
Course: Sustainability and Development (GEOGP 306-GE-2)
  • Sustainability: Concept, Components
  • The Millennium Development Goals: National Strategies and International Experiences
  • Sustainable Development: Need and its realization in the Indian context
  • Inclusive Development: Education, Health
  • Role of Higher Education in Achieving Sustainability
  • Policies and Global Cooperation for Climate Change
  • Sustainable Development Policies and Programmes: Rio+20, Financing for Sustainable Development
  • National Environmental Policy
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